Espíritus de los mercados como determinantes de la libertad económica

Pál Czeglédi

Autores/as

Pál Czeglédi University of Debrecen

Palabras clave:

libertad económica, cultura, instituciones

Resumen

Este artículo intenta contribuir a la comprensión de las formas en que las creencias de las personas sobre la economía de mercado configuran la libertad económica. El artículo integra la noción de cultura como "espíritus de los mercados" en la literatura cuantitativa entre países sobre cultura e instituciones, al modelarlo como un sistema multidimensional de creencias sobre la economía de mercado. Propone que es la consistencia de las creencias, no las creencias en sí, lo que puede estar "incrustado" en la cultura y, por lo tanto, la consistencia de las creencias puede considerarse como un determinante de la libertad económica. Con creencias distribuidas más consistentemente, un aumento constante en la libertad económica creará más "perdedores ideológicos" en el electorado, lo que crea una posibilidad política empresarial para compensarlos. Como tal compensación generalmente toma la forma de una reducción en la libertad económica, la implicación es que aquellas áreas de libertad económica que se ven afectadas por esta compensación reflejarán menos libertad en países libres. Esta propuesta está respaldada por algunos análisis estadísticos con las áreas de libertad económica como variables dependientes y las medidas de (in) consistencia de las creencias del mercado que forman la Encuesta Mundial de Valores (European Values Study) como dependientes.

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